아래 글은 경희의대에서 박사 받은 후 Harvard 의대에서 Post-Doc을 거쳐 현재 instructor로 있는 김 자영 박사의 최근 연구가 세계적으로 큰 관심을 불러 일으키고 있는 것 같아 공고하니 읽어 보시고 우리 경희의대 학생들도 훌륭한 의학자가 될 수 있도록 노력하여 주시기 바랍니다.

Dear Prof. Kim

How are you?
Our JCI paper came out on line. I am a first co-author in this paper. This research attracts many attention here and broadcasted in BBC, NBC and many newspaper. So, Dr. Freeman wishes to make it a news issue in Korea, too. If you have any idea to spread to newspaper and broadcasting, please help me out. Here is some information. I may send you a translated word file in Korean, which would be more stylish.
Please just check it and give your opinion. Thank you very much.

Best,
Jayoung Kim

Please see our web site
http://www.freemanlab.org/news/mar19.htm

"Our data support the notion that cholesterol-lowering
drugs might be effective in prevention of
prostate cancer" --Dr. Michael Freeman

http://news.google.com/news
 
Study links cholesterol, prostate cancer

Washington Times, DC - Mar 17, 2005
17 (UPI) -- A study at a Boston hospital finds that high cholesterol levels contribute to the growth of prostate cancer by providing a chemical pathway. ...

CHOLESTEROL HELPS PROSTATE TUMOR GROWTH
Express Newsline, India - Mar 23, 2005
... published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation, are in keeping with population studies that have linked prostate cancer with high cholesterol levels and ...

Some foods really do work as advertised against specific diseases
News Target, Taiwan - Mar 23, 2005
... lower risk of developing prostate cancer than men ... like broccoli, may protect against bladder cancer. ... State University compared the cholesterol-lowering effect ...

High Cholesterol May Speed Prostate Cancer
WebMD - Mar 17, 2005
... This study suggests that cholesterol may help prostate cancer tumors survive and grow at the cellular level by changing the chemical signaling pattern within ...

BBC News Cholesterol feeds prostate cancer
BBC News, UK - Mar 17, 2005
A team from Boston's Children Hospital also found that cholesterol-lowering statin drugs may inhibit prostate cancer growth. The ...

High cholesterol levels accelerate growth of prostate cancer
Medical News Today, UK - Mar 17, 2005
... of Clinical Investigation (available online March 17), are in keeping with population studies that have linked prostate cancer with high cholesterol levels and ...

Xinhua Cholesterol linked to prostate cancer
Xinhua, China - Mar 20, 2005
... The laboratory results in mice are in keeping with population studies that have linked prostate cancer with high cholesterol levels and Western diets high in ...

High cholesterol diet may fuel prostate cancer growth
CBC Manitoba, Canada - Mar 18, 2005
Investigators at Boston's Children Hospital made the observation in mice. They speculate cholesterol is fuelling the growth of prostate cancer. ...

Prostate cancer linked with high cholesterol levels
Express Newsline, India - Mar 20, 2005
A recent study has linked prostate cancer with high cholesterol levels. The study conducted by Children's Hospital Boston reveals ...

Prostate cancer linked with high cholesterol levels
Money Plans, India - Mar 20, 2005
... Cholesterol elevation in the rafts activated a chemical "cell- survival" pathway known as Akt, thought to be a central pathway in prostate cancer. ...

Prostate cancer leads to high cholesterol levels
Express Newsline, India - Mar 18, 2005
... on mice to observe the tumor growth by inserting human prostate cancer cells in ... to go along with chemical cues and when there blood cholesterol level increases ...

Men Health : Better Health Tips for Males
Khalsa News Network, India - Mar 23, 2005
... out what a healthy blood pressure reading is and what your cholesterol levels should ... Find - out how often you should be screened for prostate cancer and
colon ...

Cholesterol adrift on a lipid raft affects cancer progression
RxPG NEWS, CA - Mar 18, 2005
... Michael Freeman and colleagues from Harvard Medical School examine whether the cholesterol content of lipid rafts plays a role in prostate cancer. ...

Diet linked to prostate cancer
Daily Mail - UK, UK - Mar 17, 2005
22:24pm 17th March 2005 High cholesterol levels fuel prostate cancer, helping tumour cells to thrive and grow, scientists have revealed. ...

Research Notebook
OregonLive.com, OR - Mar 23, 2005
... in the April 1 issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, are in keeping with other studies that have linked prostate cancer with high cholesterol levels. ...
 
High Cholesterol feeds prostate cancer: High cholesterol levels accelerate the growth of prostate tumors, research has found. BBC News, Friday, 18 March, 2005.
http://news.bbc.co.kr/1/hi/health/4359117.stm
Cholesterol feeds prostate cancer
Prostate cancer can be a killer
High cholesterol levels accelerate the growth of prostate tumours, research has found.
A team from Boston's Children Hospital also found that cholesterol-lowering statin drugs may inhibit prostate cancer growth.
The findings may help explain why prostate cancer is more common in the West, where diets tend to be high in cholesterol.
Details are published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation.

Our data support the notion that cholesterol-lowering drugs might be effective in prevention of prostate cancer
Dr Michael Freeman

Rates of prostate cancer in rural parts of China and Japan, where low fat diets are the norm, are up to 90% less than in the West.
Yet when Eastern men migrate to the West their chances of being diagnosed with prostate cancer increase.
This has led doctors to suspect that environmental factors - such as diet - may play a significant role in the development of the disease.
Mice experiments
The Boston team injected human prostate cancer cells into mice and watched them grow.
When the animals were fed high cholesterol diets, cholesterol was found to accumulate in the outer membranes of tumour cells.
This appeared to alter chemical signalling patterns within the cells.
As a result, they resisted signals telling them to commit suicide and instead continued to proliferate in the uncontrolled fashion seen in cancer.
The increased cholesterol levels did not trigger new cancers in the mice.
But six weeks after the tumour cells were injected, mice on the high-cholesterol diets had twice as many tumours as animals on ordinary diets.
Their tumours were also much larger in size.
When the cells were exposed to the cholesterol-lowering drug simvastatin, cell death increased and tumours stopped proliferating.
But replenishing cell membranes with cholesterol caused the cancer to run out of control again.
Lead researcher Dr Michael Freeman said: "Our study opens up a new paradigm in thinking about how cancer might be controlled pharmacologically by manipulating cholesterol.
"Our data support the notion that cholesterol-lowering drugs - which are widely used and fairly safe - might be effective in prevention of prostate cancer, or as an adjunctive therapy."
Chris Hiley, of the UK Prostate Cancer Charity, said: "This research is clearly at an early stage, as it was accomplished in mouse cells, not men, but it's heartening to see a plausible connection made between processes inside cells and the Westernised high fat diet that seem to increase the risk of prostate cancer occurring.
"The results do open up thinking about new drug therapies.
"But there is also a low tech option any man could attempt today.
"Adopt a healthy low cholesterol diet and active lifestyle.
"Cut down on saturated fats, reduce the total amount of fat eaten but eat oily fish, and eat a high fibre diet - with porridge oats, and plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables."
Every year 27,000 men are diagnosed with prostate cancer and 10,000 men die from it.

High cholesterol levels accelerate growth of prostate cancer, Medical News Today 18 Mar 2005.
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medialnews.php?newsid=21499
High cholesterol levels accelerate growth of prostate cancer
18 Mar 2005

Experiments show how cholesterol helps tumors progress, and how 'statin' drugs may inhibit them -
Researchers at Children's Hospital Boston have demonstrated that high blood cholesterol levels accelerate the growth of prostate tumors, showing that cholesterol helps prostate tumors survive and grow at the molecular level by altering chemical signaling patterns within tumor cells.
The findings, published in the April 1 issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation (available online March 17), are in keeping with population studies that have linked prostate cancer with high cholesterol levels and Western diets high in cholesterol. The researchers also present evidence that cholesterol-lowering "statin" drugs, now widely used in cardiovascular disease, may inhibit cancer growth.
A team led by Michael Freeman, PhD, Program Director of the Urological Diseases Research Center at Children's, injected human prostate cancer cells into mice and observed tumor growth. When the animals' blood cholesterol was raised by diet, cholesterol accumulated in the outer membranes of the tumor cells, specifically in structures called lipid rafts. Cholesterol elevation in the rafts activated a chemical "cell-survival" pathway known as Akt, thought to be a central pathway in prostate cancer. Activation of Akt enabled the tumor cells to resist chemical cues to commit suicide through the process known as apoptosis, thereby allowing the cancer to proliferate.
Increased cholesterol levels didn't trigger new cancers in the mice, but six weeks after tumor cells were injected, the incidence of tumors was more than doubled in the mice on high-cholesterol diets, and the tumors were markedly larger in size.
"What we're looking at is progression, not initiation of a tumor," says Freeman.
In addition, test-tube studies showed that when the cholesterol-lowering drug simvastatin was used to reduce cholesterol in cell membranes, the Akt pathway was inhibited, apoptosis increased, and tumors stopped proliferating. Replenishing cell membranes with cholesterol reversed this inhibitory effect.
"Our study opens up a new paradigm in thinking about how cancer might be controlled pharmacologically by manipulating cholesterol," says Freeman. "Our data support the notion that cholesterol-lowering drugs -- which are widely used and fairly safe -- might be effective in prevention of prostate cancer, or as an adjunctive therapy."
Although there is some epidemiologic evidence linking high cholesterol levels with certain types of cancer, there has been little research at the cellular level to try to explain why this is so. More recently, epidemiologic studies have begun reporting that people taking cholesterol-lowering drugs have a significantly reduced incidence of prostate and other cancers.
Lipid rafts are structures in the outer cell membrane which Keith Solomon, PhD, a co-investigator on the study and a lipid-raft expert, likens to ice floating on water -- they are dynamic and continually aggregate and disaggregate. They have naturally high concentrations of cholesterol and are believed to be important in cell signaling. Solomon and Freeman believe that cholesterol in the lipid rafts may help sequester proteins involved in cancer pathways in close proximity with each other, facilitating biochemical reactions that promote cancer growth.
Children's Hospital Boston is home to the world's largest research enterprise based at a pediatric medical center, where its discoveries have benefited both children and adults for 136 years. More than 500 scientists, including eight members of the National Academy of Sciences, nine members of the Institute of Medicine and 10 members of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute comprise Children's research community. Founded in 1869 as a 20-bed hospital for children, Children's Hospital Boston today is a 325-bed comprehensive center for pediatric and adolescent health care grounded in the values of excellence in patient care and sensitivity to the complex needs and diversity of children and families. Children's also is the primary pediatric teaching affiliate of Harvard Medical School. For more information about the hospital visit: http://www.childrenshospital.org/research.
Contact: Mary-Ellen Shay
mary.shay@childrens.harvard.edu
617-355-6420
Children's Hospital Boston
http://www.childrenshospital.or

High Cholesterol May Speed Prostate Cancer: Lowering Cholesterol Levels May Slow Growth of Prostate Cancer Tumors. Web MD Health, March 18, 2005.
http://my.webmd.com/contact/article/102/106624.htm
High Cholesterol May Speed Prostate Cancer
Lowering Cholesterol Levels May Slow Growth of Prostate Cancer Tumors
By Jennifer Warner
WebMD Medical News Reviewed By Brunilda  Nazario, MD
on Thursday, March 17, 2005

March 17, 2005 - High cholesterol levels may accelerate the growth of existing prostate cancer tumors, according to a new study.

Researchers say the results suggest that treating high cholesterol with cholesterol-lowering drugs like statins may offer a new way to treat and potentially prevent prostate cancer.
"Our study opens up a new paradigm in thinking about how cancer might be controlled pharmacologically by manipulating cholesterol," says researcher Michael Freeman, PhD, program director of the urological diseases research center at Children's Hospital Boston, in a news release. "Our data support the notion that cholesterol-lowering drugs -- which are widely used and fairly safe -- might be effective in prevention of prostate cancer, or as an adjunctive therapy."
The findings appear in the April 1 issue of The Journal of Clinical Investigation.
Cholesterol May Affect Prostate Cancer
In the study, researchers studied the effects of high cholesterol levels on prostate tumor growth in mice.
Mice were injected with human prostate cancer cells, and when the animals' cholesterol levels were raised by diet, cholesterol accumulated in the outer walls of the tumor cells. This cholesterol buildup activated a "cell survival" pathway known as Akt.
Activation of this pathway prompted the tumor cells to resist cues to die. Therefore, the cancer cells multiplied and the tumors grew.
Researchers say elevated cholesterol levels did not stimulate new prostate cancers but promoted tumor growth.
In a separate experiment, researchers looked at the effects of adding a cholesterol-lowering statin drug to prostate cancer cells in a test tube. The drug reduced cholesterol buildup in the cell walls and increased the rate of cell death, which caused the cancer cells to stop growing.
Researchers say although some studies have linked high cholesterol levels to certain types of cancer, very little is known about the relationship between cholesterol and cancer at the cellular level. This study suggests that cholesterol may help prostate cancer tumors survive and grow at the cellular level by changing the chemical signaling pattern within the cells.

High Cholesterol Drives Prostate Cancer ABC News, March 19, 2005.
 


J Clin Invest. 2005 Mar 17; [Epub ahead of print] Related Articles, Links
 
Cholesterol targeting alters lipid raft composition and cell survival in prostate cancer cells and xenografts.
Zhuang L, Kim J, Adam RM, Solomon KR, Freeman MR.

The Urological Diseases Research Center, Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Lipid rafts are cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched microdomains in cell membranes that regulate phosphorylation cascades originating from membrane-bound proteins. In this study, we tested whether alteration of the cholesterol content of lipid rafts in prostate cancer (PCa) cell membranes affects cell survival mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. Simvastatin, a cholesterol synthesis inhibitor, lowered raft cholesterol content, inhibited Akt1 serine-threonine kinase (protein kinase Balpha)/protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) pathway signaling, and induced apoptosis in caveolin- and PTEN-negative LNCaP PCa cells. Replenishing cell membranes with cholesterol reversed these inhibitory and apoptotic effects. Cholesterol also potentiated Akt activation in normal prostate epithelial cells, which were resistant to the apoptotic effects of simvastatin. Elevation of circulating cholesterol in SCID mice increased the cholesterol content and the extent of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in lipid rafts isolated from LNCaP/sHB xenograft tumors. Cholesterol elevation also promoted tumor growth, increased phosphorylation of Akt, and reduced apoptosis in the xenografts. Our results implicate membrane cholesterol in Akt signaling in both normal and malignant cells and provide evidence that PCa cells can become dependent on a cholesterol-regulated Akt pathway for cell survival.


Jayoung Kim, Ph. D
The Urological Diseases Research Center
Department of Urology
Children's Hospital Boston
Harvard Medical School
617-355-1820 (lab)/617-355-8228 (office)
ja.kim@childrens.harvard.edu
www.freemanlab.org